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IIDGR
The International Institute of Diamond Grading
and Research is the part of De Beers which offers polished
diamond grading services and through which De Beers’
diamond verification instruments are sold
INDICATOR MINERALS
Minerals that are used to help locate
diamond deposits. They are minerals which are characteristic
of kimberlite, but which are usually more abundant than
diamonds (and therefore easier to find). Indicators form in
association with diamonds in the kimberlite and are scattered
over a wide area by erosion. By tracing these indicators, the
source of the kimberlite may also be found
INDUSTRIAL DIAMONDS
Natural diamonds and synthetics used
for non-jewellery purposes in manufacturing processes across
various industries (oil and gas, precision tools, mining, etc.)
INTERNATIONAL GEMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
A diamond, coloured
stone and jewellery certification organisation established in
1975 and headquartered in Antwerp
KIMBERLEY PROCESS
(KP) Intergovernmental rough diamond
certification scheme aimed at preventing the sale of conflict
diamonds entering the legitimate diamond value chain
KIMBERLITE
An intrusive igneous rock that is sometimes
diamondiferous. It is unevenly grained, containing minerals
such as olivine, phlogopite and pyrope garnet, cemented with
a groundmass consisting of minerals such as serpentine,
calcite and chromate. Kimberlite occurs in the earth’s crust
in vertical structures known as kimberlite pipes
MACRODIAMOND
A recovered rough diamond greater
than 0.5mm
MELÉE
A term used to describe small cut and polished
diamonds. The diamond weight for melée diamonds ranges
from as low as 0.001 carats (1000th/carat) to 0.18 carats
MICRODIAMONDS
Very small rough diamonds, less than 0.5mm
MIDSTREAM
The stage of the diamond value chain that
includes sales of rough diamonds, cutting and polishing,
primary and secondary sales of polished diamonds and
jewellery manufacturing
NATURAL DIAMOND
A diamond formed naturally over millions
of years in the earth’s crust
NEAR GEM QUALITY
A quality band between gem-quality
and industrial diamonds
OPEN-PIT MINING
Mining from the surface to expose the
ore below
POLISHED
Diamonds that have been cut and polished
(manufactured) in preparation for use in jewellery
manufacture
PWP
Polished Wholesale Price, a term referring to prices
achieved by cutter polishers in Cutting Centres for
polished diamonds
RESERVES
Mineral deposits that can be economically extracted
RIPPLE EFFECT
Temporary mismatch between supply and
demand caused by the de-stocking or re-stocking activities
of midstream operators in response to changes in market
conditions
ROIC
Return On Invested Capital: The return on invested
capital measure gives a sense of how well a company is using
its money to generate returns. Comparing a company’s return
on capital (ROIC) with its cost of capital (WACC) reveals
whether invested capital was used effectively
ROUGH DIAMOND
A diamond that has been mined but
not yet cut and polished in preparation for use in
jewellery manufacture
SIGHT
An event during which customers can inspect and
buy diamonds from De Beers
SIGHTHOLDERS
Term contract rough diamond customers
of De Beers
SIMULANT
A substance used to imitate diamond
SMALLS
Colloquial term for rough diamonds under three
grainers. A grainer is a unit often used in the diamond
trade to approximate the weight of a rough diamond; a grain
is approximately 0.25 carats
SMARTY CAMERA
An in-vehicle Event Data Recorder (EDR)
which makes constant video recordings of a journey; it is
designed to reduce risk by encouraging safe driving behaviour
and aiding in the process of investigating car accidents
SOLITAIRE
An item of jewellery (for example, a ring) that
highlights a single diamond
SORTING
The process of classifying rough diamonds into a
variety of categories based on their natural characteristics,
specifically their colour, clarity, carat and model or shape
SYNTHETIC
A man-made diamond that has the same chemical
composition, crystal structure and physical properties as its
natural counterpart. Where a product is man-made, but has
the same structure as a natural counterpart, an accepted
description must be used to make clear that the product is
man-made. Synthetic is one such description